Specify. Choose. Specify. Choose. Specify.

Here are the last four months of teaching branding at the Shanghai Institute of Visual Art summarized into two verbs.

  • SPECIFY: The market isn’t homogenous. Which clusters of people do you see of people that are similar to each other, and meaningfully different to people in other clusters? Don’t segment based on age: people aged the same aren’t all similar. Think of segments like ‘Family car buyers’, ‘Weekend car buyers’, ‘Commuters’, ‘Business drivers’, and see if you can further slice those segments.
  • CHOOSE: Which market segment do you target? You must choose: you cannot position without targeting, and without positioning everything becomes extremely boring.
  • SPECIFY: Who’s your target customer? Which unmet needs and unsaid feelings does she/he have?
  • CHOOSE: Which of these do you tailor too? Choose one proposition, don’t combine. How do you position against your competition: What do you do better or differently?
  • SPECIFY: What’s your products on your product feature, what’s the functional benefit? And what’s the benefit to the customer? How does it make your customer feel? Avoid nouns. Don’t say ‘trendy’ or ‘happy’, this doesn’t describe anything. If you say ‘faster’: what makes you faster? If you say ‘comfortable’, what does that mean?

With these five steps, you go from segmentation to targeting and positioning — positioning not just towards your customers, but also against your competitors. And you specify how that fits together, from your physical product to its emotional benefits in mind of your consumer. Pick your words carefully. In strategy, they’re the only thing you have.

Latest

The Lies We Tell

The Lies We Tell

I left my hometown when I was 19. After nearly two decades in a dozen Dutch cities, Sydney and Shanghai, I’m back. I push Hasse’s stroller and see once again these streets and buildings that are old yet ever new. Everything is closer than I remember it, distances I travelled as a teenager seem now […]
October 27, 2026
Dit is ook China review

Dit is ook China review

‘Dit is ook China’ by Cindy Zhu Huijgen isn’t a perfect book. And yet it’s enjoyable, and when you turn the last page and close it, you’re — rather than feeling relieved — you’re just glad you read it, and you’re glad you’re a person who reads books. Before starting, I was a bit discouraged […]
October 26, 2026
Travel plugs

Travel plugs

In our new house, many appliances still get their power through a travel adapter. Eight years in China was long enough to not only put down roots and settle in, but also for everything we owned to end in a Chinese plug: my MacBook, the coffee machine, the rice cooker, the baby monitor. The appliances […]
September 21, 2026
Twenty-three years

Twenty-three years

In June we moved back to the Netherlands, six suitcases across 8000 kilometres, and after a brief spell at my parents’ place, we moved into our own home. This second move also involved putting down carpet, curtains, buying appliances and furniture — so that our new garage quickly filled with cardboard boxes and other packaging […]
August 29, 2026